Lower Your Thermostat
Whatever you do, don't get angry. Surprisingly enough, she
won't consider it righteous; she'll just get more pissed off, and a
little self-righteous besides. If you feel yourself heating up, just
remember that "she can't make you angry,"
Friday, December 30, 2011
Tuesday, September 20, 2011
How To Make A Girl Fall In Love With You
Getting a girl of your dreams is much like getting the car of your dream. But unlike a car which you can always bargain for, there is nothing like a 20 percent discount in courting the girl of your dreams, she's so sweet a thing to be discounted, you dearly are in love with her and your feelings for her can only be communicated not by the words of the mouth, but by the words of the heart. Getting the girl actually depends on how big your heart is - faint heart, never won fair lady.
The first step in the heart-winning exercise for any man is to make a good impression. In your doing so, you don't have to talk, dress or do the common things that all the Toms do to get a decent girl's attention. Be unique, that's all you need. Be a man of his own style. Dress decently - indecency can make one be mistaken for arrogance; watch your language - obscene language gives the impression of immaturity, being uncultured and cheap; be a man of good habits - don't drink or smoke like any other loser.
Let her fall in love gradually. Romance is an important part of falling in love. When in College I had a crush on the most beautiful lady in our first year lot. Though all senior guys were out to get that girl, I managed to divert her attention from the other guys. I wrote her three letters without disclosing my identity and slid into her room secretly; all I said was 'Yours Secret Admirer.' The first letter contained the meaning of her name, this I got by playing around with the initials of her name to make meaning. The second was a funny message that could only be read backwards and it was all about her physique and her smartness. In the third letter I told the girl to be ready to receive a rose flower from her admirer, but only if she could be kind enough to phone him using a number that I had included in the letter. The girl did phone me that very night, and her first words to me were, "Hallo Secret Admirer." So, the story of our love affair came to be. Later she told me that was so creative of me, no one had approached her in that manner. I made her fall in love with me in the romantic manner.
Befriending and understanding the girl you are out to get is the next important thing. This is what I also did. You have to understand that as a lady, she loves to be loved, adores to be adored and needs to be needed. This will move you closer to the girl and you'll get to know what she's into, what she likes and dislikes, and what her style is. Love is built upon friendship and it always leaves individuals better off having known each other should they break up. I and my College steady were to break some time later but to date, we are the best of buddies. Be sure that bringing out the selflessness friend in you will make her create room for you in her heart.
A shoulder to lean on and some good friend that she can always turn to is all that a lady wants. Please don't hesitate to be helpful and supportive. Be that friend who rekindles her zeal of hardworking and restoring hope back into her life when she looses hope. This above all other things will make you her daily vitamin simply because you bring out the best in her in terms of personality and character. In you, she'll have found that friend whom she can open up to, share with and advice each other on the rights and wrongs, the dos and don'ts of life. Don't forget to always be there to celebrate the good times, and to lend an ear when the girl needs you to listen as a friend.
Make the girl feel special; because she's someone's friend - your friend, and let her know that she too has touched your life in a unique way like no one else could. Compliment her for her company and for being there when you needed her, when you felt sad and all alone. Show appreciations for the comfort the girl offers you and for making you smile.
In your day to day talks, share your dreams, your world, and every aspect of your life with your girl. Always dream with her, build with her, and always cheer her on and encourage her. Tell your girl how you always think about her even when you try not to think about her. Let the girl know that she's your first thing in the morning and the last thing when you go to bed at night.
Her knowing that you were thinking of her when you slipped beneath the softness of your blanket and gave in to the bliss of sweet dreams, will make her go 'my my' and her heart will sing your name all the year round.
You have to be creative and constructive to keep girl's interest in you so full of life. I remember one time I told my girlfriend to be to imagine we are both deaf and dump. We then sat opposite each other on the table and started sharing our feelings for each other using eyes and hand signs. It turned out to be some fun. There was also this time that we were in the library and we decided we are not going to speak to each other verbal, so I wrote a love note on a paper and passed it across the table to her, she replied and on and on we carried on our love on paper conversation till we almost exhausted a whole rim of paper. At sometime, I noticed that some guys sited with us on the table were enjoying our ordeal than their studies. Such are the things that made the girl embrace my world. I remember her suggesting that we play deaf and dump two years after we broke up, can you imagine that?
Never fail to phone her, even when she least expects it. I once called some girl that I was interested in at four o'clock in the morning. When inquiring of what I was doing up so early, I told her I was in thirteenth heaven, where people think of their loved ones when they can't sleep. Wow! First thing early the next morning, she was at my door with a king-sized hug for me.
No matter how many dates you take her, don't make any elbow - exceeding moves after any date, just drop her home and with a friendly handshake, wish her good night. Don't kiss her when she expects you to. Your respect as a gentleman will be earned on how patient you are with her when it comes to such matters as kissing her and accessing her inner graces.
The writing is on the wall that you want her, but you can't have her just yet. Increase your demand. Try to show her that men are also hard to get at times. Make her realize that when she feels a little dizzy, a little tired, a little sad, a little sick, a lot bored and very much cold, she's actually missing vitamin you. By this time, she'll be so much into you and since love is truthful and is characterized by open and honest communication, honestly promise her your everlasting devotion, loyalty, respect, and your unconditional love for a lifetime. Prove to her that you'll always be there for her, to listen and to hold her hand, and that you'll always do your best to make her happy, and feel loved.
Remember, patience is the key to her heart; be like that gardener watching a fruit as it hangs on the tree, day after day admiring it, but, exercising tremendous self-discipline, neither feeling the fruit, nor pinching it, nor testing it to see if it is ready. And then, one day he holds out his hand and the fruit simply drops into it, ripe, warm and eager to be eaten.
The patience and self-control which you practice will make you more attractive and charming. This will qualify you as her daily vitamin and win you that heart hers.
The first step in the heart-winning exercise for any man is to make a good impression. In your doing so, you don't have to talk, dress or do the common things that all the Toms do to get a decent girl's attention. Be unique, that's all you need. Be a man of his own style. Dress decently - indecency can make one be mistaken for arrogance; watch your language - obscene language gives the impression of immaturity, being uncultured and cheap; be a man of good habits - don't drink or smoke like any other loser.
Let her fall in love gradually. Romance is an important part of falling in love. When in College I had a crush on the most beautiful lady in our first year lot. Though all senior guys were out to get that girl, I managed to divert her attention from the other guys. I wrote her three letters without disclosing my identity and slid into her room secretly; all I said was 'Yours Secret Admirer.' The first letter contained the meaning of her name, this I got by playing around with the initials of her name to make meaning. The second was a funny message that could only be read backwards and it was all about her physique and her smartness. In the third letter I told the girl to be ready to receive a rose flower from her admirer, but only if she could be kind enough to phone him using a number that I had included in the letter. The girl did phone me that very night, and her first words to me were, "Hallo Secret Admirer." So, the story of our love affair came to be. Later she told me that was so creative of me, no one had approached her in that manner. I made her fall in love with me in the romantic manner.
Befriending and understanding the girl you are out to get is the next important thing. This is what I also did. You have to understand that as a lady, she loves to be loved, adores to be adored and needs to be needed. This will move you closer to the girl and you'll get to know what she's into, what she likes and dislikes, and what her style is. Love is built upon friendship and it always leaves individuals better off having known each other should they break up. I and my College steady were to break some time later but to date, we are the best of buddies. Be sure that bringing out the selflessness friend in you will make her create room for you in her heart.
A shoulder to lean on and some good friend that she can always turn to is all that a lady wants. Please don't hesitate to be helpful and supportive. Be that friend who rekindles her zeal of hardworking and restoring hope back into her life when she looses hope. This above all other things will make you her daily vitamin simply because you bring out the best in her in terms of personality and character. In you, she'll have found that friend whom she can open up to, share with and advice each other on the rights and wrongs, the dos and don'ts of life. Don't forget to always be there to celebrate the good times, and to lend an ear when the girl needs you to listen as a friend.
Make the girl feel special; because she's someone's friend - your friend, and let her know that she too has touched your life in a unique way like no one else could. Compliment her for her company and for being there when you needed her, when you felt sad and all alone. Show appreciations for the comfort the girl offers you and for making you smile.
In your day to day talks, share your dreams, your world, and every aspect of your life with your girl. Always dream with her, build with her, and always cheer her on and encourage her. Tell your girl how you always think about her even when you try not to think about her. Let the girl know that she's your first thing in the morning and the last thing when you go to bed at night.
Her knowing that you were thinking of her when you slipped beneath the softness of your blanket and gave in to the bliss of sweet dreams, will make her go 'my my' and her heart will sing your name all the year round.
You have to be creative and constructive to keep girl's interest in you so full of life. I remember one time I told my girlfriend to be to imagine we are both deaf and dump. We then sat opposite each other on the table and started sharing our feelings for each other using eyes and hand signs. It turned out to be some fun. There was also this time that we were in the library and we decided we are not going to speak to each other verbal, so I wrote a love note on a paper and passed it across the table to her, she replied and on and on we carried on our love on paper conversation till we almost exhausted a whole rim of paper. At sometime, I noticed that some guys sited with us on the table were enjoying our ordeal than their studies. Such are the things that made the girl embrace my world. I remember her suggesting that we play deaf and dump two years after we broke up, can you imagine that?
Never fail to phone her, even when she least expects it. I once called some girl that I was interested in at four o'clock in the morning. When inquiring of what I was doing up so early, I told her I was in thirteenth heaven, where people think of their loved ones when they can't sleep. Wow! First thing early the next morning, she was at my door with a king-sized hug for me.
No matter how many dates you take her, don't make any elbow - exceeding moves after any date, just drop her home and with a friendly handshake, wish her good night. Don't kiss her when she expects you to. Your respect as a gentleman will be earned on how patient you are with her when it comes to such matters as kissing her and accessing her inner graces.
The writing is on the wall that you want her, but you can't have her just yet. Increase your demand. Try to show her that men are also hard to get at times. Make her realize that when she feels a little dizzy, a little tired, a little sad, a little sick, a lot bored and very much cold, she's actually missing vitamin you. By this time, she'll be so much into you and since love is truthful and is characterized by open and honest communication, honestly promise her your everlasting devotion, loyalty, respect, and your unconditional love for a lifetime. Prove to her that you'll always be there for her, to listen and to hold her hand, and that you'll always do your best to make her happy, and feel loved.
Remember, patience is the key to her heart; be like that gardener watching a fruit as it hangs on the tree, day after day admiring it, but, exercising tremendous self-discipline, neither feeling the fruit, nor pinching it, nor testing it to see if it is ready. And then, one day he holds out his hand and the fruit simply drops into it, ripe, warm and eager to be eaten.
The patience and self-control which you practice will make you more attractive and charming. This will qualify you as her daily vitamin and win you that heart hers.
How to Make the Ladies Love You
Guys, are you sick and tired of being unlucky with the ladies? Have you had enough with sitting at home on a Saturday night dateless and alone? Have you ever thought that if only you had the right tools, the right system, that your life as a frustrated chump could be so much better, so much fuller? It is time to become the Alpha Male that you have always dreamed about. The man that can walk into a room and make women ask "who is that guy?"
I was like you once. Nerdy (even though you can get away with that), awkward (even though you can get away with that as well. I wasn't popular with the ladies in high school and some of that carried on with me through college. But then I found a method that changed my life. It taught me how to stand up for myself, find my inner confidence and once this happened, everything else fell into place. I can look back at those times before the system and laugh, because know I have the tools I need to get the women I want. And the truth of the matter is, it doesn't matter your height, your weight, your looks, or your financial status. None of that matters to a woman at all.
I was like you once. Nerdy (even though you can get away with that), awkward (even though you can get away with that as well. I wasn't popular with the ladies in high school and some of that carried on with me through college. But then I found a method that changed my life. It taught me how to stand up for myself, find my inner confidence and once this happened, everything else fell into place. I can look back at those times before the system and laugh, because know I have the tools I need to get the women I want. And the truth of the matter is, it doesn't matter your height, your weight, your looks, or your financial status. None of that matters to a woman at all.
Friday, September 16, 2011
Getting married - what does it add to our lives?
Life as a couple - does it have anything to do with society and with the Church? Some people say: It has nothing to do with anyone but me, no one has any right to say anything about my marriage... There is some truth in this, at least in part. Marriage is first and essentially the union of a man and a woman who say yes to one another, who build a covenant together. Christ meant just this when he said: Man leaves his father and his mother and attaches himself to his wife. And they become one body.
But it is also true that all marriages have social consequences. They need to be acknowledged by society in order to function better: it is society which gives their surname to the children, and which, in certain circumstances, has the right to raise them.
In most cases, it is impossible for a couple and for a family not to have this social status, that assures its legal recognition, protects its rights and facilitates its relations with the rest of society. Besides, are not the couple and the family the basic unit of society?
It is, therefore, necessary to find a balance between the proper autonomy of the couple in the midst of all the social pressures working against their intimacy, happines and fidelity, and the necessity of social and legal recognition, which entails certain obligations.
Civil Marriage
Couples have, therefore, a true right to a social status that is not always what the state imposes at any given moment in history. There are numerous countries where marriage in church is legally valid. On the contrary, in France, for instance, the law does not regard religious marriage as legally binding. Furthermore, a religious marriage is against the law if it is not first preceded by a civil marriage before the mayor of the city or town or by his assistant.
Despite these limits, civil marriage (without a religious marriage) brings something to the couple, insofar as it is a commitment made not only by the couple themselves, but also with respect to others.
Marriage in the Church
Following Christ’s command, the Church asks baptized Catholics to marry in the Church, to say yes to each other freely and definitively. Religious marriage is called a sacrament. This means that by their yes, the man and the woman receive a special gift of God (a grace received in faith) that changes their hearts and gives them a greater capacity to love each other: the capacity to receive the other every day like a gift and to love each other faithfully beyond their individual limits. It is thus that, day after day, a community of life and love can be built.
The gift of God, in this sacrament, is a real hope for the couple. The first miracle that Jesus performed at Cana, as we are told in the Gospel (John 2:1-11), at Cana, was to renew joy in marriage. Just when the shortage of wine threatened to end the celebration too soon, Jesus changed the water into wine. This is what he proposes to us in the Sacrament of Marriage: to transform the water of our human marriage - with all its realities - into wine, the wine of the Wedding of the Lamb, so that our love endures to eternity.
But it is also true that all marriages have social consequences. They need to be acknowledged by society in order to function better: it is society which gives their surname to the children, and which, in certain circumstances, has the right to raise them.
In most cases, it is impossible for a couple and for a family not to have this social status, that assures its legal recognition, protects its rights and facilitates its relations with the rest of society. Besides, are not the couple and the family the basic unit of society?
It is, therefore, necessary to find a balance between the proper autonomy of the couple in the midst of all the social pressures working against their intimacy, happines and fidelity, and the necessity of social and legal recognition, which entails certain obligations.
Civil Marriage
Couples have, therefore, a true right to a social status that is not always what the state imposes at any given moment in history. There are numerous countries where marriage in church is legally valid. On the contrary, in France, for instance, the law does not regard religious marriage as legally binding. Furthermore, a religious marriage is against the law if it is not first preceded by a civil marriage before the mayor of the city or town or by his assistant.
Despite these limits, civil marriage (without a religious marriage) brings something to the couple, insofar as it is a commitment made not only by the couple themselves, but also with respect to others.
Marriage in the Church
Following Christ’s command, the Church asks baptized Catholics to marry in the Church, to say yes to each other freely and definitively. Religious marriage is called a sacrament. This means that by their yes, the man and the woman receive a special gift of God (a grace received in faith) that changes their hearts and gives them a greater capacity to love each other: the capacity to receive the other every day like a gift and to love each other faithfully beyond their individual limits. It is thus that, day after day, a community of life and love can be built.
The gift of God, in this sacrament, is a real hope for the couple. The first miracle that Jesus performed at Cana, as we are told in the Gospel (John 2:1-11), at Cana, was to renew joy in marriage. Just when the shortage of wine threatened to end the celebration too soon, Jesus changed the water into wine. This is what he proposes to us in the Sacrament of Marriage: to transform the water of our human marriage - with all its realities - into wine, the wine of the Wedding of the Lamb, so that our love endures to eternity.
Thursday, September 15, 2011
How can i remain faithful all my life?
The question is not whether I can remain faithful all my life when I get married, but rather whether I am determined to stay with the person I marry for life. Every day, we are called to renew the commitment we made in Church on our wedding day; to say ‘yes’ in our everyday acts. I give myself to you and I receive you. To be faithful is to grow together in this mutual gift that began the day we got married and that will flourish more and more through the years. This gift needs time to grow. It is a life project to be pursued together. It is being able to say to the other: Whatever happens I’ll be with you, in good times and in bad. It is a commitment worked at together day by day.
An example of faithfulness is the woman who lost her husband after fifty years of marriage who said: We still had so many things to say to each other! To believe in the other, to hope in him or her, to be open to him or her everyday, is the road to fidelity: a road that is at times difficult, at times demanding, but also a source of great happiness and growth.
However, this state of fidelity is not safe from temptation. Indifference kills fidelity: I don’t have time for you now, my career, my personal growth, my sports, my music....my friends come first. After all I’m free, I want to hold on to my freedom, etc. Little by little, communication fades away and each one lives for himself instead of for and with the other. Then a dissatisfaction arises and when faced with the tribulations of life, we are tempted to break our promise of fidelity.
We need to keep a guard on our heart, our eyes, our body and our language in order to preserve and protect our fidelity just as we would preserve something precious. The temptations of the world are strong: pornography, trivializing the sexual act, seeking my own pleasures, provocative fashion, movies that promote infidelity, etc. So many things can undermine our fidelity. It seems pretty brave to risk a promise of faithfulness, and only God can help us to keep it. The more we are helped by God’s love to stay open to each other, the stronger our fidelity will become.
The Sacrament of Marriage is the never-ending spring which we can draw from every day to nurture our faithfulness to each other. The love that has its source in God can win the gamble of fidelity. Remember the words Jesus addresses to each one of us: Do not be afraid, I am with you always, to the end of time. (Matthew 28:20)
An example of faithfulness is the woman who lost her husband after fifty years of marriage who said: We still had so many things to say to each other! To believe in the other, to hope in him or her, to be open to him or her everyday, is the road to fidelity: a road that is at times difficult, at times demanding, but also a source of great happiness and growth.
However, this state of fidelity is not safe from temptation. Indifference kills fidelity: I don’t have time for you now, my career, my personal growth, my sports, my music....my friends come first. After all I’m free, I want to hold on to my freedom, etc. Little by little, communication fades away and each one lives for himself instead of for and with the other. Then a dissatisfaction arises and when faced with the tribulations of life, we are tempted to break our promise of fidelity.
We need to keep a guard on our heart, our eyes, our body and our language in order to preserve and protect our fidelity just as we would preserve something precious. The temptations of the world are strong: pornography, trivializing the sexual act, seeking my own pleasures, provocative fashion, movies that promote infidelity, etc. So many things can undermine our fidelity. It seems pretty brave to risk a promise of faithfulness, and only God can help us to keep it. The more we are helped by God’s love to stay open to each other, the stronger our fidelity will become.
The Sacrament of Marriage is the never-ending spring which we can draw from every day to nurture our faithfulness to each other. The love that has its source in God can win the gamble of fidelity. Remember the words Jesus addresses to each one of us: Do not be afraid, I am with you always, to the end of time. (Matthew 28:20)
How can i remain faithful all my life?
The question is not whether I can remain faithful all my life when I get married, but rather whether I am determined to stay with the person I marry for life. Every day, we are called to renew the commitment we made in Church on our wedding day; to say ‘yes’ in our everyday acts. I give myself to you and I receive you. To be faithful is to grow together in this mutual gift that began the day we got married and that will flourish more and more through the years. This gift needs time to grow. It is a life project to be pursued together. It is being able to say to the other: Whatever happens I’ll be with you, in good times and in bad. It is a commitment worked at together day by day.
An example of faithfulness is the woman who lost her husband after fifty years of marriage who said: We still had so many things to say to each other! To believe in the other, to hope in him or her, to be open to him or her everyday, is the road to fidelity: a road that is at times difficult, at times demanding, but also a source of great happiness and growth.
However, this state of fidelity is not safe from temptation. Indifference kills fidelity: I don’t have time for you now, my career, my personal growth, my sports, my music....my friends come first. After all I’m free, I want to hold on to my freedom, etc. Little by little, communication fades away and each one lives for himself instead of for and with the other. Then a dissatisfaction arises and when faced with the tribulations of life, we are tempted to break our promise of fidelity.
We need to keep a guard on our heart, our eyes, our body and our language in order to preserve and protect our fidelity just as we would preserve something precious. The temptations of the world are strong: pornography, trivializing the sexual act, seeking my own pleasures, provocative fashion, movies that promote infidelity, etc. So many things can undermine our fidelity. It seems pretty brave to risk a promise of faithfulness, and only God can help us to keep it. The more we are helped by God’s love to stay open to each other, the stronger our fidelity will become.
The Sacrament of Marriage is the never-ending spring which we can draw from every day to nurture our faithfulness to each other. The love that has its source in God can win the gamble of fidelity. Remember the words Jesus addresses to each one of us: Do not be afraid, I am with you always, to the end of time. (Matthew 28:20)
An example of faithfulness is the woman who lost her husband after fifty years of marriage who said: We still had so many things to say to each other! To believe in the other, to hope in him or her, to be open to him or her everyday, is the road to fidelity: a road that is at times difficult, at times demanding, but also a source of great happiness and growth.
However, this state of fidelity is not safe from temptation. Indifference kills fidelity: I don’t have time for you now, my career, my personal growth, my sports, my music....my friends come first. After all I’m free, I want to hold on to my freedom, etc. Little by little, communication fades away and each one lives for himself instead of for and with the other. Then a dissatisfaction arises and when faced with the tribulations of life, we are tempted to break our promise of fidelity.
We need to keep a guard on our heart, our eyes, our body and our language in order to preserve and protect our fidelity just as we would preserve something precious. The temptations of the world are strong: pornography, trivializing the sexual act, seeking my own pleasures, provocative fashion, movies that promote infidelity, etc. So many things can undermine our fidelity. It seems pretty brave to risk a promise of faithfulness, and only God can help us to keep it. The more we are helped by God’s love to stay open to each other, the stronger our fidelity will become.
The Sacrament of Marriage is the never-ending spring which we can draw from every day to nurture our faithfulness to each other. The love that has its source in God can win the gamble of fidelity. Remember the words Jesus addresses to each one of us: Do not be afraid, I am with you always, to the end of time. (Matthew 28:20)
Is happiness only for married couples?
Marriage is not the only context in which we can fulfill our capacity to love. Friendship and the giving of ‘self’ are also precious expressions of love.
There are men and women who decide not to marry, not because they scorn or reject it but simply because they feel an exclusive call. For example, priests, monks and nuns witness to the world that the love of God is above all other loves and that it is enough for them. There are also men and women in science, in politics and in other kinds of service who give themselves totally to their calling and who find happiness in the gift of themselves to this calling. Their fidelity to an ideal gives them deep personal satisfaction.
To forsake marriage for the Lord is a calling. Those who answer such a call live their lives just as fully and in complete happiness.
Certain people, however, who would have liked to get married, remain single. This is a hardship. Nevertheless, for every person there is a road to happiness. It may take some time to find it, but it exists. Often, the road is to be found in a generous heart and in openness towards others.
There are men and women who decide not to marry, not because they scorn or reject it but simply because they feel an exclusive call. For example, priests, monks and nuns witness to the world that the love of God is above all other loves and that it is enough for them. There are also men and women in science, in politics and in other kinds of service who give themselves totally to their calling and who find happiness in the gift of themselves to this calling. Their fidelity to an ideal gives them deep personal satisfaction.
To forsake marriage for the Lord is a calling. Those who answer such a call live their lives just as fully and in complete happiness.
Certain people, however, who would have liked to get married, remain single. This is a hardship. Nevertheless, for every person there is a road to happiness. It may take some time to find it, but it exists. Often, the road is to be found in a generous heart and in openness towards others.
How can we be sure that we really love someone?
We know from experience that it is difficult to be sure. We do not always see clearly. It is not easy, in every case, to be sure of myself or my feelings and to have to depend on tangible proofs or signs.
Love is not like an idea with a definition or like a physical phenomen on that can be measured : Love is a matter of choice. And so, to use a quotation from Saint Bonaventure : Love is its own measure and standard.
There are, however, certain practical points to consider :
Is it my friend that I love or is it the feeling of love that I love? We are so often overwhelmed by the extraordinary feeling that accompanies love that we may forget about the other person.
A good question to ask would be Do I want to love him or her? Since true love is not so much a feeling as it is a decision, a choice, we have to will to love.
Finally, love needs the response of the other to actually exist. We cannot speak of love if it is not reciprocated.If you are not sure of the others feelings, don’t remain in doubt. Find a good moment to speak together and find out the feelings and attitudes of the other.
Love is not like an idea with a definition or like a physical phenomen on that can be measured : Love is a matter of choice. And so, to use a quotation from Saint Bonaventure : Love is its own measure and standard.
There are, however, certain practical points to consider :
Is it my friend that I love or is it the feeling of love that I love? We are so often overwhelmed by the extraordinary feeling that accompanies love that we may forget about the other person.
A good question to ask would be Do I want to love him or her? Since true love is not so much a feeling as it is a decision, a choice, we have to will to love.
Finally, love needs the response of the other to actually exist. We cannot speak of love if it is not reciprocated.If you are not sure of the others feelings, don’t remain in doubt. Find a good moment to speak together and find out the feelings and attitudes of the other.
Thursday, September 8, 2011
Epstein-Barr virus
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is a virus of the herpes family, which includes herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, and is one of the most common viruses in humans. It is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis. It is also associated with particular forms of cancer, particularly Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and central nervous system lymphomas associated with HIV.[1] Finally, there is evidence that infection with the virus is associated with a higher risk of certain autoimmune diseases, especially dermatomyositis[citation needed], systemic lupus erythematosus,[2][3] rheumatoid arthritis,[3] Sjögren's syndrome,[3] and multiple sclerosis.[4]
Most people become infected with EBV and gain adaptive immunity. In the United States, about half of all five-year-olds and 90–95% of adults have evidence of previous infection[citation needed]. Infants become susceptible to EBV as soon as maternal antibody protection disappears. Many children become infected with EBV, and these infections usually cause no symptoms or are indistinguishable from the other mild, brief illnesses of childhood. In the United States and in other developed countries, many people are not infected with EBV in their childhood years. When infection with EBV occurs during adolescence or teenage years, it causes infectious mononucleosis 35% to 69% of the time.
Most people become infected with EBV and gain adaptive immunity. In the United States, about half of all five-year-olds and 90–95% of adults have evidence of previous infection[citation needed]. Infants become susceptible to EBV as soon as maternal antibody protection disappears. Many children become infected with EBV, and these infections usually cause no symptoms or are indistinguishable from the other mild, brief illnesses of childhood. In the United States and in other developed countries, many people are not infected with EBV in their childhood years. When infection with EBV occurs during adolescence or teenage years, it causes infectious mononucleosis 35% to 69% of the time.
Thursday, August 25, 2011
Uterine prolapse
Uterine prolapse occurs when pelvic floor muscles and ligaments stretch and weaken, providing inadequate support for the uterus. The uterus then descends into the vaginal canal.
Uterine prolapse often affects postmenopausal women who've had one or more vaginal deliveries. Damage to supportive tissues during pregnancy and childbirth, effects of gravity, loss of estrogen, and repeated straining over the years all can weaken your pelvic floor and lead to uterine prolapse.
If you have mild uterine prolapse, treatment usually isn't needed. But if uterine prolapse makes you uncomfortable or disrupts your normal life, you might benefit from treatment. Options include using a supportive device (pessary) inserted into your vagina or having surgery to repair the prolapse.
Symptoms
By Mayo Clinic staff Uterine prolapse
Uterine prolapse varies in severity. You may have mild uterine prolapse and experience no signs or symptoms. Or you could have moderate to severe uterine prolapse. If that's the case, you may experience the following:
Sensation of heaviness or pulling in your pelvis
Tissue protruding from your vagina
Urinary difficulties, such as urine leakage or urine retention
Trouble having a bowel movement
Low back pain
Feeling as if you're sitting on a small ball or as if something is falling out of your vagina
Sexual concerns, such as sensing looseness in the tone of your vaginal tissue
Symptoms that are less bothersome in the morning and worsen as the day goes on
When to see a doctor
Uterine prolapse doesn't require treatment unless it's severe. If your signs and symptoms become bothersome and disrupt your normal activities, make an appointment with your doctor to discuss your options.
Causes
By Mayo Clinic staff
Pregnancy and trauma incurred during childbirth, particularly with large babies or after a difficult labor and delivery, are the main causes of muscle weakness and stretching of supporting tissues leading to uterine prolapse. Loss of muscle tone associated with aging and reduced amounts of circulating estrogen after menopause also may contribute to uterine prolapse. In rare circumstances, uterine prolapse may be caused by a tumor in the pelvic cavity.
Genetics also may play a role in strength of supporting tissues. Women of Northern European descent have a higher incidence of uterine prolapse than do women of Asian and African descent.
Risk factors
By Mayo Clinic staff
Certain factors may increase your risk of uterine prolapse:
One or more pregnancies and vaginal births
Giving birth to a large baby
Increasing age
Frequent heavy lifting
Chronic coughing
Frequent straining during bowel movements
Genetic predisposition to weakness in connective tissue
Some conditions, such as obesity, chronic constipation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), can place a strain on the muscles and connective tissue in your pelvis and may play a role in the development of uterine prolapse.
Uterine prolapse often affects postmenopausal women who've had one or more vaginal deliveries. Damage to supportive tissues during pregnancy and childbirth, effects of gravity, loss of estrogen, and repeated straining over the years all can weaken your pelvic floor and lead to uterine prolapse.
If you have mild uterine prolapse, treatment usually isn't needed. But if uterine prolapse makes you uncomfortable or disrupts your normal life, you might benefit from treatment. Options include using a supportive device (pessary) inserted into your vagina or having surgery to repair the prolapse.
Symptoms
By Mayo Clinic staff Uterine prolapse
Uterine prolapse varies in severity. You may have mild uterine prolapse and experience no signs or symptoms. Or you could have moderate to severe uterine prolapse. If that's the case, you may experience the following:
Sensation of heaviness or pulling in your pelvis
Tissue protruding from your vagina
Urinary difficulties, such as urine leakage or urine retention
Trouble having a bowel movement
Low back pain
Feeling as if you're sitting on a small ball or as if something is falling out of your vagina
Sexual concerns, such as sensing looseness in the tone of your vaginal tissue
Symptoms that are less bothersome in the morning and worsen as the day goes on
When to see a doctor
Uterine prolapse doesn't require treatment unless it's severe. If your signs and symptoms become bothersome and disrupt your normal activities, make an appointment with your doctor to discuss your options.
Causes
By Mayo Clinic staff
Pregnancy and trauma incurred during childbirth, particularly with large babies or after a difficult labor and delivery, are the main causes of muscle weakness and stretching of supporting tissues leading to uterine prolapse. Loss of muscle tone associated with aging and reduced amounts of circulating estrogen after menopause also may contribute to uterine prolapse. In rare circumstances, uterine prolapse may be caused by a tumor in the pelvic cavity.
Genetics also may play a role in strength of supporting tissues. Women of Northern European descent have a higher incidence of uterine prolapse than do women of Asian and African descent.
Risk factors
By Mayo Clinic staff
Certain factors may increase your risk of uterine prolapse:
One or more pregnancies and vaginal births
Giving birth to a large baby
Increasing age
Frequent heavy lifting
Chronic coughing
Frequent straining during bowel movements
Genetic predisposition to weakness in connective tissue
Some conditions, such as obesity, chronic constipation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), can place a strain on the muscles and connective tissue in your pelvis and may play a role in the development of uterine prolapse.
Friday, July 8, 2011
Ways to Get Rid of Your Blind Date
At dinner, guard your plate with fork and steak knife, so as to give the impression that you'll stab anyone, including the waiter, who reaches for it.
Collect the salt shakers from all of the tables in the restaurant, and balance them in a tower on your table.
Wipe your nose on your date's sleeve. Twice.
Make funny faces at other patrons, then sneer at their reactions.
Repeat every third third word you say say.
Brag about your claim to fame as being voted "Most Festerous" for your high school yearbook.
Read a newspaper or book during the meal. Ignore your date.
Stare at your date's neck, and grind your teeth audibly.
Twitch spastically. If asked about it, pretend you don't know what they are talking about.
Stand up every five minutes, circle your table with your arms outstretched, and make airplane sounds.
Order a bucket of lard.
Ask for crayons to color the placemat. This works very well in fancier venues that use linen tablecloths.
Howl and whistle at women’s legs, especially if you are female.
Recite your dating history. Improvise. Include pets.
Pull out a harmonica and play blues songs when your date begins talking about themselves.
Sacrifice french fries to the great deity, Pomme.
When ordering, inquire whether the restaurant has any live food.
Without asking, eat off your date's plate. Eat more from their plate than they do.
Drool.
Chew with your mouth open, talk with your mouth full and spray crumbs.
Eat everything on your plate within 30 seconds of it being placed in front of you.
Excuse yourself to use the restroom. Go back to the head waiter/hostess and ask for another table in a different part of the restaurant. Order another meal. When your date finally finds you, ask him/her "What in the hell took you so long in the restroom?!?"
Recite graphic limericks to the people at the table next to you.
Ask the people at the neighboring table for food from their plates.
Beg your date to tattoo your name on their derriere. Keep bringing the subject up.
Ask your date how much money they have with them.
Order for your date. Order something nasty.
Communicate in mime the entire evening.
Upon entering the restaurant, ask for a seat away from the windows, where you have a you have a good view of all exits, and where you can keep your back to the wall. Act nervous.
Lick your plate. Offer to lick theirs.
Collect the salt shakers from all of the tables in the restaurant, and balance them in a tower on your table.
Wipe your nose on your date's sleeve. Twice.
Make funny faces at other patrons, then sneer at their reactions.
Repeat every third third word you say say.
Brag about your claim to fame as being voted "Most Festerous" for your high school yearbook.
Read a newspaper or book during the meal. Ignore your date.
Stare at your date's neck, and grind your teeth audibly.
Twitch spastically. If asked about it, pretend you don't know what they are talking about.
Stand up every five minutes, circle your table with your arms outstretched, and make airplane sounds.
Order a bucket of lard.
Ask for crayons to color the placemat. This works very well in fancier venues that use linen tablecloths.
Howl and whistle at women’s legs, especially if you are female.
Recite your dating history. Improvise. Include pets.
Pull out a harmonica and play blues songs when your date begins talking about themselves.
Sacrifice french fries to the great deity, Pomme.
When ordering, inquire whether the restaurant has any live food.
Without asking, eat off your date's plate. Eat more from their plate than they do.
Drool.
Chew with your mouth open, talk with your mouth full and spray crumbs.
Eat everything on your plate within 30 seconds of it being placed in front of you.
Excuse yourself to use the restroom. Go back to the head waiter/hostess and ask for another table in a different part of the restaurant. Order another meal. When your date finally finds you, ask him/her "What in the hell took you so long in the restroom?!?"
Recite graphic limericks to the people at the table next to you.
Ask the people at the neighboring table for food from their plates.
Beg your date to tattoo your name on their derriere. Keep bringing the subject up.
Ask your date how much money they have with them.
Order for your date. Order something nasty.
Communicate in mime the entire evening.
Upon entering the restaurant, ask for a seat away from the windows, where you have a you have a good view of all exits, and where you can keep your back to the wall. Act nervous.
Lick your plate. Offer to lick theirs.
Thursday, June 9, 2011
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term for a group of disorders affecting body movement, balance, and posture. Loosely translated, cerebral palsy means “brain paralysis.” Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormal development or damage in one or more parts of the brain that control muscle tone and motor activity (movement). The resulting impairments first appear early in life, usually in infancy or early childhood. Infants with cerebral palsy are usually slow to reach developmental milestones such as rolling over, sitting, crawling, and walking.
Common to all individuals with cerebral palsy is difficulty controlling and coordinating muscles. This makes even very simple movements difficult.
Cerebral palsy may involve muscle stiffness (spasticity), poor muscle tone, uncontrolled movements, and problems with posture, balance, coordination, walking, speech, swallowing, and many other functions.
Mental retardation, seizures, breathing problems, learning disabilities, bladder and bowel control problems, skeletal deformities, eating difficulties, dental problems, digestive problems, and hearing and vision problems are often linked to cerebral palsy.
The severity of these problems varies widely, from very mild and subtle to very profound.
Although the magnitude of the problems may wax and wane over time, the condition does not get worse over time.
Types of cerebral palsy are as follows:
Spastic (pyramidal): Increased muscle tone is the defining characteristic of this type. The muscles are stiff (spastic), and movements are jerky or awkward. This type is classified by which part of the body is affected: diplegia (both legs), hemiplegia (one side of the body), or quadriplegia (the entire body). This is the most common type of CP, accounting for about 70-80% of cases.
Dyskinetic (extrapyramidal): This includes types that affect coordination of movements. There are 2 subtypes.
Athetoid: The person has uncontrolled movements that are slow and writhing. The movements can affect any part of the body, including the face, mouth, and tongue. About 10-20% of cerebral palsy cases are of this type.
Ataxic: This type affects balance and coordination. Depth perception is usually affected. If the person can walk, the gait is probably unsteady. He or she has difficulty with movements that are quick or require a great deal of control, such as writing. About 5-10% of cases of cerebral palsy are of this type.
Mixed: This is a mixture of different types of cerebral palsy. A common combination is spastic and athetoid.
Many individuals with cerebral palsy have normal or above average intelligence. Their ability to express their intelligence may be limited by difficulties in communicating. All children with cerebral palsy, regardless of intelligence level, are able to improve their abilities substantially with appropriate interventions. Most children with cerebral palsy require significant medical and physical care, including physical, occupational, and speech/swallowing therapy.
Despite advances in medical care, cerebral palsy remains a significant health problem. The number of people affected by cerebral palsy has increased over time. This may be because more and more premature infants are surviving. In the United States, about 2-3 children per 1000 have cerebral palsy. As many as 1,000,000 people of all ages are affected. Cerebral palsy affects both sexes and all ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
Cerebral Palsy Causes
Cerebral palsy results from damage to certain parts of the developing brain.
This damage can occur early in pregnancy when the brain is just starting to form, during the birth process as the child passes through the birth canal, or after birth in the first few years of life.
In many cases, the exact cause of the brain damage is never known.
At one time, problems during birth, usually inadequate oxygen, were blamed for cerebral palsy.
We now know that fewer than 10% of cases of cerebral palsy begin during birth (perinatal).
In fact, current thinking is that at least 70-80% of cases of cerebral palsy begin before birth (prenatal).
Some cases begin after birth (postnatal).
In all likelihood, many cases of cerebral palsy are a result of a combination of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors.
Risk factors linked with cerebral palsy include the following:
Infection, seizure disorder, thyroid disorder, and/or other medical problems in the mother
Birth defects, especially those affecting the brain, spinal cord, head, face, lungs, or metabolism
Rh factor incompatibility, a difference in the blood between mother and fetus that can cause brain damage in the fetus (Fortunately, this is almost always detected and treated in women who receive proper prenatal medical care.)
Certain hereditary and genetic conditions
Complications during labor and delivery
Premature birth
Low birth weight (especially if less than 2 pounds at birth)
Severe jaundice after birth
Multiple births (twins, triplets)
Lack of oxygen (hypoxia) reaching the brain before, during, or after birth
Brain damage early in life, due to infection (such as meningitis), head injury, lack of oxygen, or bleeding
Cerebral Palsy Symptoms
The signs of cerebral palsy are usually not noticeable in early infancy but become more obvious as the child’s nervous system matures. Early signs include the following:
Delayed milestones such as controlling head, rolling over, reaching with one hand, sitting without support, crawling, or walking
Persistence of “infantile” or “primitive” reflexes, which normally disappear 3-6 months after birth
Developing handedness before age 18 months: This indicates weakness or abnormal muscle tone on one side, which may be an early sign of CP.
Problems and disabilities related to CP range from very mild to very severe. Their severity is related to the severity of the brain damage. They may be very subtle, noticeable only to medical professionals, or may be obvious to the parents and other caregivers.
Abnormal muscle tone: Muscles may be very stiff (spastic) or unusually relaxed and “floppy.” Limbs may be held in unusual or awkward positions. For example, spastic leg muscles may cause legs to cross in a scissor-like position.
Abnormal movements: Movements may be unusually jerky or abrupt, or slow and writhing. They may appear uncontrolled or without purpose.
Skeletal deformities: People who have cerebral palsy on only one side may have shortened limbs on the affected side. If not corrected by surgery or a device, this can lead to tilting of the pelvic bones and scoliosis (curvature of the spine).
Joint contractures: People with spastic cerebral palsy may develop severe stiffening of the joints because of unequal pressures on the joints exerted by muscles of differing tone or strength.
Mental retardation: Some, although not all, children with cerebral palsy are affected by mental retardation. Generally, the more severe the retardation, the more severe the disability overall.
Seizures: About one third of people with cerebral palsy have seizures. Seizures may appear early in life or years after the brain damage that causes cerebral palsy. The physical signs of a seizure may be partly masked by the abnormal movements of a person with cerebral palsy.
Speech problems: Speech is partly controlled by movements of muscles of the tongue, mouth, and throat. Some individuals with cerebral palsy are unable to control these muscles and thus cannot speak normally.
Swallowing problems: Swallowing is a very complex function that requires precise interaction of many groups of muscles. People with cerebral palsy who are unable to control these muscles will have problems sucking, eating, drinking, and controlling their saliva. They may drool. An even greater risk is aspiration, the inhalation into the lungs of food or fluids from the mouth or nose. This can cause infection or even suffocation.
Hearing loss: Partial hearing loss is not unusual in people with cerebral palsy. The child may not respond to sounds or may have delayed speech.
Vision problems: Three quarters of people with cerebral palsy have strabismus, which is the turning in or out of one eye. This is due to weakness of the muscles that control eye movement. These people are often nearsighted. If not corrected, strabismus can lead to more severe vision problems over time.
Dental problems: People with cerebral palsy tend to have more cavities than usual. This results from both defects in tooth enamel and difficulties brushing the teeth.
Bowel and/or bladder control problems: These are caused by lack of muscle control.
when to Seek Medical Care
If your child was born prematurely, had a low birth weight, or was subject to certain complications of pregnancy, labor, or delivery, he or she will be monitored carefully over time for signs of CP. Any of the following warrant a visit to your child’s health care provider:
Your child has a seizure.
Your child’s movements seem unusually jerky, abrupt, uncoordinated, or slow and writhing.
Your child’s muscles seem unusually tense or, on the other hand, limp and “floppy.”
Your child does not blink in response to loud noises by age 1 month.
Your child does not turn his or her head toward a sound by age 4 months.
Your child does not reach out for a toy by age 4 months.
Your child does not sit up unsupported by age 7 months.
Your child does not say words by age 12 months.
Your child develops left- or right-handedness before age 12 months.
Your child has strabismus (one eye turned inward or outward).
Your child does not walk or walks with a stiff or abnormal gait, such as toe-walking.
These are only some of the most obvious examples of problems that may signal CP. You should speak to your child’s health care provider about any problems that suggest a lack of control or muscles or movements.
Exams and Tests
If your child has problems that suggest cerebral palsy, he or she will undergo a very thorough evaluation. There is no medical test that confirms the diagnosis of cerebral palsy. The diagnosis is made on the basis of various types of information gathered by the child’s health care provider and, in some cases, other consultants.
This information includes a detailed medical interview concerning medical histories of both the mother’s and father’s families, the mother’s medical problems before and during pregnancy, and a detailed account of the pregnancy, labor, delivery, and neonatal (newborn) period.
You will be asked to relate in detail the child’s medical problems and mental and physical development.
You may be asked other questions as well. It is very important to answer all questions as completely and honestly as possible, as the answers may help your child.
Lab studies: Various blood and urine tests may be ordered if your child’s health care provider suspects that the child’s difficulties are due to chemical, hormonal, or metabolic problems. Analysis of the child’s chromosomes, including karyotype analysis and specific DNA testing, may be needed to rule out a genetic syndrome.
Imaging studies: These studies provide a picture of structures inside the body. Such testing, when used on the brain or spinal cord, is often called neuroimaging. These tests are not always necessary, but in many cases, they may help identify the cause or extent of the cerebral palsy. They should be done as early as possible so that appropriate treatment, if indicated, can be begun immediately. Many individuals with mild cerebral palsy have no visible brain abnormalities.
Ultrasound of the brain: Ultrasound uses harmless sound waves to detect certain types of structural and anatomic abnormalities. For instance, it can show hemorrhage (bleeding) in the brain or damage caused by lack of oxygen to the brain. Ultrasound is often used on newborns who cannot tolerate more rigorous tests such as CT scans or MRI.
CT scan of the brain: This scan is similar to an x-ray but shows greater detail and gives a more 3-dimensional image. It identifies malformations, hemorrhage, and certain other abnormalities in infants more clearly than ultrasound.
MRI of the brain: This is the preferred test, since it defines brain structures and abnormalities more clearly than any other method. Children who are unable to remain still for at least 45 minutes may require a sedative to undergo this test.
MRI of the spinal cord: This may be necessary in children with spasticity of the legs and worsening of bowel and bladder function, which suggest an abnormality of the spinal cord. Such abnormalities may or may not be related to cerebral palsy.
Other tests: Under certain circumstances, your child’s health care provider may want to do other tests.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is important in the diagnosis of seizure disorders. A high index of suspicion is needed in order to detect non-convulsive or minimally convulsive seizures. This is a potentially treatable cause of a CP-look-alike, which is easier to treat when treated early.
Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) may be helpful in distinguishing CP from other muscle or nerve disorders.
Cerebral Palsy Treatment
There is no cure for cerebral palsy. With early and ongoing treatment, however, the disabilities associated with cerebral palsy can be reduced. Many different therapies are available, most under the supervision of a medical specialist or other allied professional. Not all of these therapies are right for every person with cerebral palsy. The therapy regimen for a specific individual with cerebral palsy should be tailored to meet the needs of that individual. A treatment may work for one child but not for another. The parents and the child’s care team work together to choose only those treatments that offer some benefit to the child
Medical Treatment
While specific therapies help a child develop specific skills and abilities, the overall goal of treatment is to help the individual with cerebral palsy reach his or her greatest potential physically, mentally, and socially. This is accomplished with a variety of different approaches managed by a team of professionals. Care for people with cerebral palsy is complicated, requiring a number of different services and specialists. In some areas, care is available through a single multidisciplinary clinic that oversees all aspects of the child’s therapy.
Rehabilitation: A comprehensive rehabilitation program may include physical therapy, use of special equipment, and spasticity treatment. This program is often overseen by a specialist in rehabilitation medicine (sometimes called a physiatrist).
Physical therapy involves stretching, physical exercises, and other activities that develop muscle strength, flexibility, and control. The goal is to maximize function and minimize disabling contractures. The focus is on developing specific skills such as holding the head up, sitting unsupported, or walking. Braces, splints, and casts may be used to help reach these goals.
Special equipment that may be helpful to people with CP includes walkers, positioning devices, customized wheelchairs, scooters, and tricycles.
Spasticity may be treated by injections into the muscles or by medications. Reduction of spasticity can improve range of motion, reduce deformity, improve response to occupational and physical therapy, and delay the need for surgery.
Occupational therapy: The occupational therapist helps the individual learn physical skills he or she needs to function and become as independent as possible in everyday life. Examples are feeding, grooming, and dressing.
Speech/language therapy: This therapy helps the child overcome communication problems. Many children with cerebral palsy have problems speaking because of poor tone or uncontrolled movements in the muscles of the mouth and tongue. Speech therapy helps develop those muscles, improving speech. Speech therapy also benefits children with hearing loss. Children who cannot speak may be able to benefit from communication technologies such as a computerized voice synthesizer.
Vision problems: An ophthalmologist is consulted for children who have strabismus and visual problems.
Medical therapy: This encompasses treatment for all medical problems whether related to CP or not. Various specialists may be called upon to deal with specific problems.
Seizures: Seizure disorders are common in people with cerebral palsy. These are usually well controlled with medication. A specialist in conditions of the nervous system (neurologist) may be consulted for help in selecting an appropriate regimen.
Feeding and digestive problems: Individuals with cerebral palsy often have gastroesophageal reflux or GERD (severe heartburn and related symptoms caused by regurgitation of acid from the stomach) as well as swallowing and feeding problems. A team consisting of a doctor who specializes in digestive diseases (gastroenterologist), a nutritionist, and a feeding and swallowing therapist can assess nutritional status and treat problems. Swallowing therapy helps the child eat and drink independently and helps prevent aspiration. The child’s diet must be customized to accommodate limitations in swallowing. Children with severe swallowing problems require feeding through a tube.
Breathing problems: People with cerebral palsy may have breathing problems because the muscles that control expansion and contraction of the lungs are disabled. A specialist in lung disorders (pulmonologist) should be consulted for management of the resulting lung disease.
Educational services: Many children with cerebral palsy, even those of average or above-average intelligence, are challenged in “cognitive” processes such as thinking, learning, and memory. They can benefit from the services of a specialist in learning disabilities.
Such specialists can identify the child’s specific learning disabilities, direct early interventions and preparation for school, and monitor his or her progress.
In the United States, these services are provided for children younger than 3 years by an established early intervention system. Representatives of the appropriate agencies will work with you to develop an Individualized Family Services Plan, or IFSP. This plan describes the child’s needs and the services the child will receive to address those needs.
Educational services for school-aged children are provided by the public school system. The staff at your child’s school will work with you to develop an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) for your child. This may include services besides classroom teaching.
Navigating all of these different services can be difficult for parents. Your child’s health care provider can refer you to a medical social worker who can help you find and enroll in the services your child needs.
Medications
The goal of drug therapy is to reduce the effects of cerebral palsy and prevent complications. Medications are prescribed to reduce spasticity and abnormal movements and to prevent seizures.
Medications used to relieve spasticity and abnormal movements include the following:
Dopaminergic drugs: Widely used in Parkinson disease, these drugs increase the level of a brain chemical called dopamine. The effect is to decrease rigidity and abnormal movements. Examples include levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) and trihexyphenidyl (Artane).
Muscle relaxants: These agents reduce spasticity by relaxing the muscle directly. Examples include baclofen (Lioresal). This drug can be taken as a pill or be administered automatically via an implantable pump.
Benzodiazepines: These agents act on brain chemistry to relax muscles. The most widely used of these agents is diazepam (Valium).
Botulinum toxin type A: This substance is widely known as BOTOX®. When injected, it causes a mild muscle paralysis and reduces contractions. In cerebral palsy, it is used to decrease spasticity of muscles of the arms or legs, which improves range of motion and overall mobility. This can be important in allowing a child to fit into an orthotic (brace or splint) or even to be comfortably positioned in a wheelchair. The effects of BOTOX® injections typically last 3-6 months. BOTOX® helps other treatments work better, such as physical therapy or casting the limb. In some cases, using BOTOX® can delay surgery or make surgery unnecessary. Some people have allergic-type reactions to BOTOX® and must limit the number of injections or stop them altogether.
Medications used to relieve seizures include the following:
Anticonvulsants: These agents stop seizure activity as rapidly as possible and prevent seizure recurrence. There are many difference agents available; they vary in their mechanism of action.
Benzodiazepines: Agents such as diazepam often are used to stop seizures when they are frequent or prolonged.
Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term for a group of disorders affecting body movement, balance, and posture. Loosely translated, cerebral palsy means “brain paralysis.” Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormal development or damage in one or more parts of the brain that control muscle tone and motor activity (movement). The resulting impairments first appear early in life, usually in infancy or early childhood. Infants with cerebral palsy are usually slow to reach developmental milestones such as rolling over, sitting, crawling, and walking.
Common to all individuals with cerebral palsy is difficulty controlling and coordinating muscles. This makes even very simple movements difficult.
Cerebral palsy may involve muscle stiffness (spasticity), poor muscle tone, uncontrolled movements, and problems with posture, balance, coordination, walking, speech, swallowing, and many other functions.
Mental retardation, seizures, breathing problems, learning disabilities, bladder and bowel control problems, skeletal deformities, eating difficulties, dental problems, digestive problems, and hearing and vision problems are often linked to cerebral palsy.
The severity of these problems varies widely, from very mild and subtle to very profound.
Although the magnitude of the problems may wax and wane over time, the condition does not get worse over time.
Types of cerebral palsy are as follows:
Spastic (pyramidal): Increased muscle tone is the defining characteristic of this type. The muscles are stiff (spastic), and movements are jerky or awkward. This type is classified by which part of the body is affected: diplegia (both legs), hemiplegia (one side of the body), or quadriplegia (the entire body). This is the most common type of CP, accounting for about 70-80% of cases.
Dyskinetic (extrapyramidal): This includes types that affect coordination of movements. There are 2 subtypes.
Athetoid: The person has uncontrolled movements that are slow and writhing. The movements can affect any part of the body, including the face, mouth, and tongue. About 10-20% of cerebral palsy cases are of this type.
Ataxic: This type affects balance and coordination. Depth perception is usually affected. If the person can walk, the gait is probably unsteady. He or she has difficulty with movements that are quick or require a great deal of control, such as writing. About 5-10% of cases of cerebral palsy are of this type.
Mixed: This is a mixture of different types of cerebral palsy. A common combination is spastic and athetoid.
Many individuals with cerebral palsy have normal or above average intelligence. Their ability to express their intelligence may be limited by difficulties in communicating. All children with cerebral palsy, regardless of intelligence level, are able to improve their abilities substantially with appropriate interventions. Most children with cerebral palsy require significant medical and physical care, including physical, occupational, and speech/swallowing therapy.
Despite advances in medical care, cerebral palsy remains a significant health problem. The number of people affected by cerebral palsy has increased over time. This may be because more and more premature infants are surviving. In the United States, about 2-3 children per 1000 have cerebral palsy. As many as 1,000,000 people of all ages are affected. Cerebral palsy affects both sexes and all ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
Cerebral Palsy Causes
Cerebral palsy results from damage to certain parts of the developing brain.
This damage can occur early in pregnancy when the brain is just starting to form, during the birth process as the child passes through the birth canal, or after birth in the first few years of life.
In many cases, the exact cause of the brain damage is never known.
At one time, problems during birth, usually inadequate oxygen, were blamed for cerebral palsy.
We now know that fewer than 10% of cases of cerebral palsy begin during birth (perinatal).
In fact, current thinking is that at least 70-80% of cases of cerebral palsy begin before birth (prenatal).
Some cases begin after birth (postnatal).
In all likelihood, many cases of cerebral palsy are a result of a combination of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors.
Risk factors linked with cerebral palsy include the following:
Infection, seizure disorder, thyroid disorder, and/or other medical problems in the mother
Birth defects, especially those affecting the brain, spinal cord, head, face, lungs, or metabolism
Rh factor incompatibility, a difference in the blood between mother and fetus that can cause brain damage in the fetus (Fortunately, this is almost always detected and treated in women who receive proper prenatal medical care.)
Certain hereditary and genetic conditions
Complications during labor and delivery
Premature birth
Low birth weight (especially if less than 2 pounds at birth)
Severe jaundice after birth
Multiple births (twins, triplets)
Lack of oxygen (hypoxia) reaching the brain before, during, or after birth
Brain damage early in life, due to infection (such as meningitis), head injury, lack of oxygen, or bleeding
Cerebral Palsy Symptoms
The signs of cerebral palsy are usually not noticeable in early infancy but become more obvious as the child’s nervous system matures. Early signs include the following:
Delayed milestones such as controlling head, rolling over, reaching with one hand, sitting without support, crawling, or walking
Persistence of “infantile” or “primitive” reflexes, which normally disappear 3-6 months after birth
Developing handedness before age 18 months: This indicates weakness or abnormal muscle tone on one side, which may be an early sign of CP.
Problems and disabilities related to CP range from very mild to very severe. Their severity is related to the severity of the brain damage. They may be very subtle, noticeable only to medical professionals, or may be obvious to the parents and other caregivers.
Abnormal muscle tone: Muscles may be very stiff (spastic) or unusually relaxed and “floppy.” Limbs may be held in unusual or awkward positions. For example, spastic leg muscles may cause legs to cross in a scissor-like position.
Abnormal movements: Movements may be unusually jerky or abrupt, or slow and writhing. They may appear uncontrolled or without purpose.
Skeletal deformities: People who have cerebral palsy on only one side may have shortened limbs on the affected side. If not corrected by surgery or a device, this can lead to tilting of the pelvic bones and scoliosis (curvature of the spine).
Joint contractures: People with spastic cerebral palsy may develop severe stiffening of the joints because of unequal pressures on the joints exerted by muscles of differing tone or strength.
Mental retardation: Some, although not all, children with cerebral palsy are affected by mental retardation. Generally, the more severe the retardation, the more severe the disability overall.
Seizures: About one third of people with cerebral palsy have seizures. Seizures may appear early in life or years after the brain damage that causes cerebral palsy. The physical signs of a seizure may be partly masked by the abnormal movements of a person with cerebral palsy.
Speech problems: Speech is partly controlled by movements of muscles of the tongue, mouth, and throat. Some individuals with cerebral palsy are unable to control these muscles and thus cannot speak normally.
Swallowing problems: Swallowing is a very complex function that requires precise interaction of many groups of muscles. People with cerebral palsy who are unable to control these muscles will have problems sucking, eating, drinking, and controlling their saliva. They may drool. An even greater risk is aspiration, the inhalation into the lungs of food or fluids from the mouth or nose. This can cause infection or even suffocation.
Hearing loss: Partial hearing loss is not unusual in people with cerebral palsy. The child may not respond to sounds or may have delayed speech.
Vision problems: Three quarters of people with cerebral palsy have strabismus, which is the turning in or out of one eye. This is due to weakness of the muscles that control eye movement. These people are often nearsighted. If not corrected, strabismus can lead to more severe vision problems over time.
Dental problems: People with cerebral palsy tend to have more cavities than usual. This results from both defects in tooth enamel and difficulties brushing the teeth.
Bowel and/or bladder control problems: These are caused by lack of muscle control.
when to Seek Medical Care
If your child was born prematurely, had a low birth weight, or was subject to certain complications of pregnancy, labor, or delivery, he or she will be monitored carefully over time for signs of CP. Any of the following warrant a visit to your child’s health care provider:
Your child has a seizure.
Your child’s movements seem unusually jerky, abrupt, uncoordinated, or slow and writhing.
Your child’s muscles seem unusually tense or, on the other hand, limp and “floppy.”
Your child does not blink in response to loud noises by age 1 month.
Your child does not turn his or her head toward a sound by age 4 months.
Your child does not reach out for a toy by age 4 months.
Your child does not sit up unsupported by age 7 months.
Your child does not say words by age 12 months.
Your child develops left- or right-handedness before age 12 months.
Your child has strabismus (one eye turned inward or outward).
Your child does not walk or walks with a stiff or abnormal gait, such as toe-walking.
These are only some of the most obvious examples of problems that may signal CP. You should speak to your child’s health care provider about any problems that suggest a lack of control or muscles or movements.
Exams and Tests
If your child has problems that suggest cerebral palsy, he or she will undergo a very thorough evaluation. There is no medical test that confirms the diagnosis of cerebral palsy. The diagnosis is made on the basis of various types of information gathered by the child’s health care provider and, in some cases, other consultants.
This information includes a detailed medical interview concerning medical histories of both the mother’s and father’s families, the mother’s medical problems before and during pregnancy, and a detailed account of the pregnancy, labor, delivery, and neonatal (newborn) period.
You will be asked to relate in detail the child’s medical problems and mental and physical development.
You may be asked other questions as well. It is very important to answer all questions as completely and honestly as possible, as the answers may help your child.
Lab studies: Various blood and urine tests may be ordered if your child’s health care provider suspects that the child’s difficulties are due to chemical, hormonal, or metabolic problems. Analysis of the child’s chromosomes, including karyotype analysis and specific DNA testing, may be needed to rule out a genetic syndrome.
Imaging studies: These studies provide a picture of structures inside the body. Such testing, when used on the brain or spinal cord, is often called neuroimaging. These tests are not always necessary, but in many cases, they may help identify the cause or extent of the cerebral palsy. They should be done as early as possible so that appropriate treatment, if indicated, can be begun immediately. Many individuals with mild cerebral palsy have no visible brain abnormalities.
Ultrasound of the brain: Ultrasound uses harmless sound waves to detect certain types of structural and anatomic abnormalities. For instance, it can show hemorrhage (bleeding) in the brain or damage caused by lack of oxygen to the brain. Ultrasound is often used on newborns who cannot tolerate more rigorous tests such as CT scans or MRI.
CT scan of the brain: This scan is similar to an x-ray but shows greater detail and gives a more 3-dimensional image. It identifies malformations, hemorrhage, and certain other abnormalities in infants more clearly than ultrasound.
MRI of the brain: This is the preferred test, since it defines brain structures and abnormalities more clearly than any other method. Children who are unable to remain still for at least 45 minutes may require a sedative to undergo this test.
MRI of the spinal cord: This may be necessary in children with spasticity of the legs and worsening of bowel and bladder function, which suggest an abnormality of the spinal cord. Such abnormalities may or may not be related to cerebral palsy.
Other tests: Under certain circumstances, your child’s health care provider may want to do other tests.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is important in the diagnosis of seizure disorders. A high index of suspicion is needed in order to detect non-convulsive or minimally convulsive seizures. This is a potentially treatable cause of a CP-look-alike, which is easier to treat when treated early.
Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) may be helpful in distinguishing CP from other muscle or nerve disorders.
Cerebral Palsy Treatment
There is no cure for cerebral palsy. With early and ongoing treatment, however, the disabilities associated with cerebral palsy can be reduced. Many different therapies are available, most under the supervision of a medical specialist or other allied professional. Not all of these therapies are right for every person with cerebral palsy. The therapy regimen for a specific individual with cerebral palsy should be tailored to meet the needs of that individual. A treatment may work for one child but not for another. The parents and the child’s care team work together to choose only those treatments that offer some benefit to the child
Medical Treatment
While specific therapies help a child develop specific skills and abilities, the overall goal of treatment is to help the individual with cerebral palsy reach his or her greatest potential physically, mentally, and socially. This is accomplished with a variety of different approaches managed by a team of professionals. Care for people with cerebral palsy is complicated, requiring a number of different services and specialists. In some areas, care is available through a single multidisciplinary clinic that oversees all aspects of the child’s therapy.
Rehabilitation: A comprehensive rehabilitation program may include physical therapy, use of special equipment, and spasticity treatment. This program is often overseen by a specialist in rehabilitation medicine (sometimes called a physiatrist).
Physical therapy involves stretching, physical exercises, and other activities that develop muscle strength, flexibility, and control. The goal is to maximize function and minimize disabling contractures. The focus is on developing specific skills such as holding the head up, sitting unsupported, or walking. Braces, splints, and casts may be used to help reach these goals.
Special equipment that may be helpful to people with CP includes walkers, positioning devices, customized wheelchairs, scooters, and tricycles.
Spasticity may be treated by injections into the muscles or by medications. Reduction of spasticity can improve range of motion, reduce deformity, improve response to occupational and physical therapy, and delay the need for surgery.
Occupational therapy: The occupational therapist helps the individual learn physical skills he or she needs to function and become as independent as possible in everyday life. Examples are feeding, grooming, and dressing.
Speech/language therapy: This therapy helps the child overcome communication problems. Many children with cerebral palsy have problems speaking because of poor tone or uncontrolled movements in the muscles of the mouth and tongue. Speech therapy helps develop those muscles, improving speech. Speech therapy also benefits children with hearing loss. Children who cannot speak may be able to benefit from communication technologies such as a computerized voice synthesizer.
Vision problems: An ophthalmologist is consulted for children who have strabismus and visual problems.
Medical therapy: This encompasses treatment for all medical problems whether related to CP or not. Various specialists may be called upon to deal with specific problems.
Seizures: Seizure disorders are common in people with cerebral palsy. These are usually well controlled with medication. A specialist in conditions of the nervous system (neurologist) may be consulted for help in selecting an appropriate regimen.
Feeding and digestive problems: Individuals with cerebral palsy often have gastroesophageal reflux or GERD (severe heartburn and related symptoms caused by regurgitation of acid from the stomach) as well as swallowing and feeding problems. A team consisting of a doctor who specializes in digestive diseases (gastroenterologist), a nutritionist, and a feeding and swallowing therapist can assess nutritional status and treat problems. Swallowing therapy helps the child eat and drink independently and helps prevent aspiration. The child’s diet must be customized to accommodate limitations in swallowing. Children with severe swallowing problems require feeding through a tube.
Breathing problems: People with cerebral palsy may have breathing problems because the muscles that control expansion and contraction of the lungs are disabled. A specialist in lung disorders (pulmonologist) should be consulted for management of the resulting lung disease.
Educational services: Many children with cerebral palsy, even those of average or above-average intelligence, are challenged in “cognitive” processes such as thinking, learning, and memory. They can benefit from the services of a specialist in learning disabilities.
Such specialists can identify the child’s specific learning disabilities, direct early interventions and preparation for school, and monitor his or her progress.
In the United States, these services are provided for children younger than 3 years by an established early intervention system. Representatives of the appropriate agencies will work with you to develop an Individualized Family Services Plan, or IFSP. This plan describes the child’s needs and the services the child will receive to address those needs.
Educational services for school-aged children are provided by the public school system. The staff at your child’s school will work with you to develop an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) for your child. This may include services besides classroom teaching.
Navigating all of these different services can be difficult for parents. Your child’s health care provider can refer you to a medical social worker who can help you find and enroll in the services your child needs.
Medications
The goal of drug therapy is to reduce the effects of cerebral palsy and prevent complications. Medications are prescribed to reduce spasticity and abnormal movements and to prevent seizures.
Medications used to relieve spasticity and abnormal movements include the following:
Dopaminergic drugs: Widely used in Parkinson disease, these drugs increase the level of a brain chemical called dopamine. The effect is to decrease rigidity and abnormal movements. Examples include levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) and trihexyphenidyl (Artane).
Muscle relaxants: These agents reduce spasticity by relaxing the muscle directly. Examples include baclofen (Lioresal). This drug can be taken as a pill or be administered automatically via an implantable pump.
Benzodiazepines: These agents act on brain chemistry to relax muscles. The most widely used of these agents is diazepam (Valium).
Botulinum toxin type A: This substance is widely known as BOTOX®. When injected, it causes a mild muscle paralysis and reduces contractions. In cerebral palsy, it is used to decrease spasticity of muscles of the arms or legs, which improves range of motion and overall mobility. This can be important in allowing a child to fit into an orthotic (brace or splint) or even to be comfortably positioned in a wheelchair. The effects of BOTOX® injections typically last 3-6 months. BOTOX® helps other treatments work better, such as physical therapy or casting the limb. In some cases, using BOTOX® can delay surgery or make surgery unnecessary. Some people have allergic-type reactions to BOTOX® and must limit the number of injections or stop them altogether.
Medications used to relieve seizures include the following:
Anticonvulsants: These agents stop seizure activity as rapidly as possible and prevent seizure recurrence. There are many difference agents available; they vary in their mechanism of action.
Benzodiazepines: Agents such as diazepam often are used to stop seizures when they are frequent or prolonged.
Wednesday, June 8, 2011
Fever
Fever
A fever is usually a sign that something out of the ordinary is going on in your body. For an adult, a fever may be uncomfortable, but fever usually isn't dangerous unless it reaches 103 F (39.4 C) or higher. For very young children and infants, a slightly elevated temperature may indicate a serious infection.
But the degree of fever doesn't necessarily indicate the seriousness of the underlying condition. A minor illness may cause a high fever, and a more serious illness may cause a low fever.
Usually a fever goes away within a few days. A number of over-the-counter medications lower a fever, but sometimes it's better left untreated. Fever seems to play a key role in helping your body fight off a number of infections.
Symptoms
By Mayo Clinic staff
You have a fever when your temperature rises above its normal range. What's normal for you may be a little higher or lower than the average normal temperature of 98.6 F (37 C).
Depending on what's causing your fever, additional fever signs and symptoms may include:
Sweating
Shivering
Headache
Muscle aches
Loss of appetite
Dehydration
General weakness
High fevers between 103 F (39.4 C) and 106 F (41.1 C) may cause:
Hallucinations
Confusion
Irritability
Convulsions
Dehydration
When to see a doctor
Fevers by themselves may not be a cause for alarm — or a reason to call a doctor. Yet there are some circumstances when you should seek medical advice for your baby, your child or yourself.
Taking a temperature
To check your or your child's temperature, you can choose from several types of thermometers, including oral, rectal and ear (tympanic) thermometers.
Although it's not the most accurate way to take a temperature, you can use an oral thermometer for an armpit (axillary) reading:
Place the thermometer in the armpit and cross your arms or your child's arms over the chest.
Wait four to five minutes. The axillary temperature is slightly lower than an oral temperature.
If you call your doctor, report the actual number on the thermometer and where on the body you took the temperature.
Use a rectal thermometer for infants:
Place a dab of petroleum jelly on the bulb.
Lay your baby on his or her tummy.
Carefully insert the bulb one-half inch to one inch into your baby's rectum.
Hold the bulb and your baby still for three minutes.
Don't let go of the thermometer while it's inside your baby. If your baby squirms, the thermometer could go deeper and cause an injury.
Infants
An unexplained fever is greater cause for concern in infants and in children than in adults. Call your baby's doctor if your baby has a fever of 101 F (38.3 C) or higher. Also call your baby's doctor if your baby:
Has a fever and is younger than 3 months of age.
Refuses to eat or drink.
Has a fever and unexplained irritability, such as marked crying during a diaper change or when moved.
Has a fever and seems lethargic and unresponsive. In infants and children younger than age 2, these may be signs of meningitis — an infection and inflammation of the membranes and fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. If you're worried that your baby might have meningitis, take your baby to the doctor right away.
Is a newborn and has a lower than normal temperature — less than 97 F (36.1 C). Very young babies may not regulate their body temperature well when they are ill and may become cold rather than hot.
Children
There's probably no cause for alarm if your child has a fever but is responsive — making eye contact with you and responding to your facial expressions and to your voice — and is drinking fluids and playing.
Call your child's doctor if your child:
Is listless or irritable, vomits repeatedly, has a severe headache or stomachache, or has any other symptoms causing significant discomfort.
Has a fever after being left in a hot car. Seek medical care immediately.
Has a fever that persists longer than a day (in children younger than age 2) or longer than three days (in children ages 2 and older).
Ask your child's doctor for guidance in special circumstances, such as a child with immune system problems or with a pre-existing illness. Your child's doctor also may recommend precautions if your child has just started taking a new prescription medicine.
Adults
Call your doctor if:
Your temperature is more than 103 F (39.4 C)
You've had a fever for more than three days
In addition, seek immediate medical attention if any of these signs or symptoms accompanies a fever:
Severe headache
Severe throat swelling
Unusual skin rash, especially if the rash rapidly worsens
Unusual sensitivity to bright light
Stiff neck and pain when you bend your head forward
Mental confusion
Persistent vomiting
Difficulty breathing or chest pain
Extreme listlessness or irritability
Abdominal pain or pain when urinating
Any other unexplained signs or symptoms
Causes
By Mayo Clinic staff
Your normal body temperature varies throughout the day — it's lower in the morning and higher in the late afternoon and evening. In fact, your normal temperature can range from about 97 F (36.1 C) to 99 F (37.2 C). Although most people consider 98.6 F (37 C) normal, your temperature may vary by a degree or more. Other factors, such as your menstrual cycle or heavy exercise, can affect your temperature.
A fever might be caused by:
A virus
A bacterial infection
Heat exhaustion
Extreme sunburn
Certain inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis — inflammation of the lining of your joints (synovium)
A malignant tumor
Some medications, such as antibiotics and drugs used to treat high blood pressure or seizures
Some immunizations, such as the diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) or pneumococcal vaccines
Sometimes it's not possible to identify the cause of a fever. If you have a temperature of 101 F (38.3 C) or higher for more than three weeks and your doctor isn't able to find the cause after extensive evaluation, the diagnosis may be fever of unknown origin.
Complications
By Mayo Clinic staff
Complications of a fever may include:
Severe dehydration
Hallucinations
Fever-induced seizure (febrile seizure), in a small number of children ages 6 months to 5 years
Febrile seizures
Febrile seizures usually involve loss of consciousness and shaking of limbs on both sides of the body. Although alarming for parents, the vast majority of febrile seizures cause no lasting effects.
If a seizure occurs:
Lay your child on his or her side or stomach on the floor or ground
Remove any sharp objects that are near your child
Loosen tight clothing
Hold your child to prevent injury
Don't place anything in your child's mouth or try to stop the seizure
Most seizures stop on their own. Take your child to the doctor as soon as possible after the seizure to determine the cause of the fever
A fever is usually a sign that something out of the ordinary is going on in your body. For an adult, a fever may be uncomfortable, but fever usually isn't dangerous unless it reaches 103 F (39.4 C) or higher. For very young children and infants, a slightly elevated temperature may indicate a serious infection.
But the degree of fever doesn't necessarily indicate the seriousness of the underlying condition. A minor illness may cause a high fever, and a more serious illness may cause a low fever.
Usually a fever goes away within a few days. A number of over-the-counter medications lower a fever, but sometimes it's better left untreated. Fever seems to play a key role in helping your body fight off a number of infections.
Symptoms
By Mayo Clinic staff
You have a fever when your temperature rises above its normal range. What's normal for you may be a little higher or lower than the average normal temperature of 98.6 F (37 C).
Depending on what's causing your fever, additional fever signs and symptoms may include:
Sweating
Shivering
Headache
Muscle aches
Loss of appetite
Dehydration
General weakness
High fevers between 103 F (39.4 C) and 106 F (41.1 C) may cause:
Hallucinations
Confusion
Irritability
Convulsions
Dehydration
When to see a doctor
Fevers by themselves may not be a cause for alarm — or a reason to call a doctor. Yet there are some circumstances when you should seek medical advice for your baby, your child or yourself.
Taking a temperature
To check your or your child's temperature, you can choose from several types of thermometers, including oral, rectal and ear (tympanic) thermometers.
Although it's not the most accurate way to take a temperature, you can use an oral thermometer for an armpit (axillary) reading:
Place the thermometer in the armpit and cross your arms or your child's arms over the chest.
Wait four to five minutes. The axillary temperature is slightly lower than an oral temperature.
If you call your doctor, report the actual number on the thermometer and where on the body you took the temperature.
Use a rectal thermometer for infants:
Place a dab of petroleum jelly on the bulb.
Lay your baby on his or her tummy.
Carefully insert the bulb one-half inch to one inch into your baby's rectum.
Hold the bulb and your baby still for three minutes.
Don't let go of the thermometer while it's inside your baby. If your baby squirms, the thermometer could go deeper and cause an injury.
Infants
An unexplained fever is greater cause for concern in infants and in children than in adults. Call your baby's doctor if your baby has a fever of 101 F (38.3 C) or higher. Also call your baby's doctor if your baby:
Has a fever and is younger than 3 months of age.
Refuses to eat or drink.
Has a fever and unexplained irritability, such as marked crying during a diaper change or when moved.
Has a fever and seems lethargic and unresponsive. In infants and children younger than age 2, these may be signs of meningitis — an infection and inflammation of the membranes and fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. If you're worried that your baby might have meningitis, take your baby to the doctor right away.
Is a newborn and has a lower than normal temperature — less than 97 F (36.1 C). Very young babies may not regulate their body temperature well when they are ill and may become cold rather than hot.
Children
There's probably no cause for alarm if your child has a fever but is responsive — making eye contact with you and responding to your facial expressions and to your voice — and is drinking fluids and playing.
Call your child's doctor if your child:
Is listless or irritable, vomits repeatedly, has a severe headache or stomachache, or has any other symptoms causing significant discomfort.
Has a fever after being left in a hot car. Seek medical care immediately.
Has a fever that persists longer than a day (in children younger than age 2) or longer than three days (in children ages 2 and older).
Ask your child's doctor for guidance in special circumstances, such as a child with immune system problems or with a pre-existing illness. Your child's doctor also may recommend precautions if your child has just started taking a new prescription medicine.
Adults
Call your doctor if:
Your temperature is more than 103 F (39.4 C)
You've had a fever for more than three days
In addition, seek immediate medical attention if any of these signs or symptoms accompanies a fever:
Severe headache
Severe throat swelling
Unusual skin rash, especially if the rash rapidly worsens
Unusual sensitivity to bright light
Stiff neck and pain when you bend your head forward
Mental confusion
Persistent vomiting
Difficulty breathing or chest pain
Extreme listlessness or irritability
Abdominal pain or pain when urinating
Any other unexplained signs or symptoms
Causes
By Mayo Clinic staff
Your normal body temperature varies throughout the day — it's lower in the morning and higher in the late afternoon and evening. In fact, your normal temperature can range from about 97 F (36.1 C) to 99 F (37.2 C). Although most people consider 98.6 F (37 C) normal, your temperature may vary by a degree or more. Other factors, such as your menstrual cycle or heavy exercise, can affect your temperature.
A fever might be caused by:
A virus
A bacterial infection
Heat exhaustion
Extreme sunburn
Certain inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis — inflammation of the lining of your joints (synovium)
A malignant tumor
Some medications, such as antibiotics and drugs used to treat high blood pressure or seizures
Some immunizations, such as the diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) or pneumococcal vaccines
Sometimes it's not possible to identify the cause of a fever. If you have a temperature of 101 F (38.3 C) or higher for more than three weeks and your doctor isn't able to find the cause after extensive evaluation, the diagnosis may be fever of unknown origin.
Complications
By Mayo Clinic staff
Complications of a fever may include:
Severe dehydration
Hallucinations
Fever-induced seizure (febrile seizure), in a small number of children ages 6 months to 5 years
Febrile seizures
Febrile seizures usually involve loss of consciousness and shaking of limbs on both sides of the body. Although alarming for parents, the vast majority of febrile seizures cause no lasting effects.
If a seizure occurs:
Lay your child on his or her side or stomach on the floor or ground
Remove any sharp objects that are near your child
Loosen tight clothing
Hold your child to prevent injury
Don't place anything in your child's mouth or try to stop the seizure
Most seizures stop on their own. Take your child to the doctor as soon as possible after the seizure to determine the cause of the fever
Monday, May 30, 2011
FAMILY FLANNING
Natural Family Planning
What is natural family planning?
Natural family planning is a method used to help a couple determine when sexual intercourse can and cannot result in pregnancy. During the menstrual cycle, a number of changes occur in a woman's body. By keeping track of these changes, couples can plan when to have intercourse and when to avoid intercourse, depending on whether they are trying to achieve or avoid pregnancy.
During each menstrual cycle, one of a woman's ovaries releases an egg. This process is called ovulation. The egg moves toward the uterus through the fallopian tubes, where fertilization may take place. An unfertilized egg may live for up to 12 hours. The egg will be shed later during the menstrual period if it isn't fertilized. A woman is most likely to become pregnant if sexual intercourse takes place just before or just after ovulation.
Return to top
How does natural family planning work?
Two methods of natural family planning are currently taught. The first is the mucus or ovulation method. In this method, the days just before and just after ovulation are determined by checking the woman's cervical mucus. When a woman is most likely to become pregnant, the cervical mucus is stretchy, clear and slick. The mucus during this time looks and feels much like an uncooked egg white.
The second method is called the symptothermal method. With this method, the woman takes her temperature each day with a basal body temperature thermometer and writes it down on a chart. At the time of ovulation, a woman's temperature will rise slightly (about .9°F). The woman also checks the consistency of her cervical mucus like she does with the mucus method. She may also notice other changes, such as pain in the area of the ovaries, bloating, low backache and breast tenderness.
In both methods, couples use a chart to keep track of the changes in the woman's body.
Return to top
How effective are these methods in helping a couple avoid pregnancy?
These methods can help a couple avoid pregnancy if the couple receives training from a specialized instructor and if they carefully follow all of the instructions provided. (Ask your doctor how to find an instructor who is specially trained in teaching natural family planning.) Both methods can be 90% to 98% effective (2 to 10 pregnancies per 100 couples) when they are practiced correctly. However, if a couple doesn't follow the instructions completely, these methods will be much less effective. In practice, these methods may not be as reliable as other forms of birth control.
Return to top
Can natural family planning help a couple achieve pregnancy?
Yes. As many as 2 out of 3 couples who don't have fertility problems become pregnant if they have sexual intercourse on the days that the cervical mucus is clearest and most stretchable.
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What about the rhythm method?
The rhythm method is based on calendar calculations of previous menstrual cycles. This method doesn't allow for normal changes in the menstrual cycle, which are common. The rhythm method isn't as reliable as the mucus method or the symptothermal method and is generally not recommended. Women who have no variation in the length of their menstrual cycles can use the rhythm method to know when they are ovulating (usually 14 days before the start of their period).
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What about women who have irregular cycles or who are breastfeeding?
It is common for a women to have menstrual cycles that are irregular (either longer or shorter than 28 days). A woman who has irregular menstrual cycles may still be able to tell when she is ovulating by watching for the changes in her body.
Special instructions have been developed for mothers who are breastfeeding their babies. Ask your doctor for these instructions if you are breastfeeding.
What is natural family planning?
Natural family planning is a method used to help a couple determine when sexual intercourse can and cannot result in pregnancy. During the menstrual cycle, a number of changes occur in a woman's body. By keeping track of these changes, couples can plan when to have intercourse and when to avoid intercourse, depending on whether they are trying to achieve or avoid pregnancy.
During each menstrual cycle, one of a woman's ovaries releases an egg. This process is called ovulation. The egg moves toward the uterus through the fallopian tubes, where fertilization may take place. An unfertilized egg may live for up to 12 hours. The egg will be shed later during the menstrual period if it isn't fertilized. A woman is most likely to become pregnant if sexual intercourse takes place just before or just after ovulation.
Return to top
How does natural family planning work?
Two methods of natural family planning are currently taught. The first is the mucus or ovulation method. In this method, the days just before and just after ovulation are determined by checking the woman's cervical mucus. When a woman is most likely to become pregnant, the cervical mucus is stretchy, clear and slick. The mucus during this time looks and feels much like an uncooked egg white.
The second method is called the symptothermal method. With this method, the woman takes her temperature each day with a basal body temperature thermometer and writes it down on a chart. At the time of ovulation, a woman's temperature will rise slightly (about .9°F). The woman also checks the consistency of her cervical mucus like she does with the mucus method. She may also notice other changes, such as pain in the area of the ovaries, bloating, low backache and breast tenderness.
In both methods, couples use a chart to keep track of the changes in the woman's body.
Return to top
How effective are these methods in helping a couple avoid pregnancy?
These methods can help a couple avoid pregnancy if the couple receives training from a specialized instructor and if they carefully follow all of the instructions provided. (Ask your doctor how to find an instructor who is specially trained in teaching natural family planning.) Both methods can be 90% to 98% effective (2 to 10 pregnancies per 100 couples) when they are practiced correctly. However, if a couple doesn't follow the instructions completely, these methods will be much less effective. In practice, these methods may not be as reliable as other forms of birth control.
Return to top
Can natural family planning help a couple achieve pregnancy?
Yes. As many as 2 out of 3 couples who don't have fertility problems become pregnant if they have sexual intercourse on the days that the cervical mucus is clearest and most stretchable.
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What about the rhythm method?
The rhythm method is based on calendar calculations of previous menstrual cycles. This method doesn't allow for normal changes in the menstrual cycle, which are common. The rhythm method isn't as reliable as the mucus method or the symptothermal method and is generally not recommended. Women who have no variation in the length of their menstrual cycles can use the rhythm method to know when they are ovulating (usually 14 days before the start of their period).
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What about women who have irregular cycles or who are breastfeeding?
It is common for a women to have menstrual cycles that are irregular (either longer or shorter than 28 days). A woman who has irregular menstrual cycles may still be able to tell when she is ovulating by watching for the changes in her body.
Special instructions have been developed for mothers who are breastfeeding their babies. Ask your doctor for these instructions if you are breastfeeding.
Saturday, April 30, 2011
What does philosophy got to do with our day to day life!
With few but concret words I will say, is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
Branches of philosophy
The following branches are the main areas of study
Branches of philosophy
The following branches are the main areas of study
- Metaphysics is the study of the nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and body, substance and accident, events and causation. Traditional branches are cosmology and ontology.
- Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. Among its central concerns has been the challenge posed by skepticism and the relationships between truth, belief, and justification.
- Ethics, or "moral philosophy", is concerned primarily with the question of the best way to live, and secondarily, concerning the question of whether this question can be answered. The main branches of ethics are meta-ethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. Meta-ethics concerns the nature of ethical thought, comparison of various ethical systems, whether there are absolute ethical truths, and how such truths could be known. Ethics is also associated with the idea of morality.
- Political philosophy is the study of government and the relationship of individuals (or families and clans) to communities including the state. It includes questions about justice, law, property, and the rights and obligations of the citizen. Politics and ethics are traditionally inter-linked subjects, as both discuss the question of what is good and how people should live.
- Aesthetics deals with beauty, art, enjoyment, sensory-emotional values, perception, and matters of taste and sentiment.
- Logic is the study of valid argument forms. Beginning in the late 19th century, mathematicians such as Gottlob Frege focused on a mathematical treatment of logic, and today the subject of logic has two broad divisions: mathematical logic (formal symbolic logic) and what is now called philosophical logic.
- Philosophy of mind deals with the nature of the mind and its relationship to the body, and is typified by disputes between dualism and materialism. In recent years there has been increasing similarity between this branch of philosophy and cognitive science.
- Philosophy of language is inquiry into the nature, origins, and usage of language.
- Philosophy of religion is a branch of philosophy that asks questions about religion.
what is Metaphysics?What is the mystery in learning Metaphysics
Just with simple explanation,Metaphysics is the study of the nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and body, substance and accident, events and causation. Traditional branches are cosmology and ontology.
Traditionally, metaphysics attempts to answer two basic questions in the broadest possible terms:
Go ahead read and enjoy unlimited knowledge.
Traditionally, metaphysics attempts to answer two basic questions in the broadest possible terms:
- "What is there?"
- "What is it like?"[3]
Go ahead read and enjoy unlimited knowledge.
Friday, April 29, 2011
Who is Leonardo da Vinci? What makes him great upon face of man?
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer.
e is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived.
Leonardo was and is renowned[2] primarily as a painter. Among his works, the Mona Lisa is most famous and most parodied portrait and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time, with their fame approached only by Michelangelo's Creation of Adam.[1] Leonardo's drawing of the Vitruvian Man is also regarded as a cultural icon,[4] being reproduced on everything from the euro to text books to t-shirts. Perhaps fifteen of his paintings survive, the small number due to his constant, and frequently disastrous, experimentation with new techniques, and his chronic procrastination
Among the works created by Leonardo in the 16th century is the small portrait known as the Mona Lisa or "la Gioconda", the laughing one. In the present era it is arguably the most famous painting in the world. Its fame rests, in particular, on the elusive smile on the woman's face, its mysterious quality brought about perhaps by the fact that the artist has subtly shadowed the corners of the mouth and eyes so that the exact nature of the smile cannot be determined. The shadowy quality for which the work is renowned came to be called "sfumato" or Leonardo's smoke. Vasari, who is generally thought to have known the painting only by repute, said that "the smile was so pleasing that it seemed divine rather than human; and those who saw it were amazed to find that it was as alive as the original".
Leonardo's approach to science was an observational one: he tried to understand a phenomenon by describing and depicting it in utmost detail, and did not emphasize experiments or theoretical explanation.
e is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived.
Leonardo was and is renowned[2] primarily as a painter. Among his works, the Mona Lisa is most famous and most parodied portrait and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time, with their fame approached only by Michelangelo's Creation of Adam.[1] Leonardo's drawing of the Vitruvian Man is also regarded as a cultural icon,[4] being reproduced on everything from the euro to text books to t-shirts. Perhaps fifteen of his paintings survive, the small number due to his constant, and frequently disastrous, experimentation with new techniques, and his chronic procrastination
Among the works created by Leonardo in the 16th century is the small portrait known as the Mona Lisa or "la Gioconda", the laughing one. In the present era it is arguably the most famous painting in the world. Its fame rests, in particular, on the elusive smile on the woman's face, its mysterious quality brought about perhaps by the fact that the artist has subtly shadowed the corners of the mouth and eyes so that the exact nature of the smile cannot be determined. The shadowy quality for which the work is renowned came to be called "sfumato" or Leonardo's smoke. Vasari, who is generally thought to have known the painting only by repute, said that "the smile was so pleasing that it seemed divine rather than human; and those who saw it were amazed to find that it was as alive as the original".
Leonardo's approach to science was an observational one: he tried to understand a phenomenon by describing and depicting it in utmost detail, and did not emphasize experiments or theoretical explanation.
Thursday, April 28, 2011
Learn the common condition affecting people, Appendicitis.
Definition of Appendicitis:
Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix. The appendix is a small pouch attached to the beginning of your large intestine.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of emergency abdominal surgery in the United States. It usually occurs when the appendix becomes blocked by feces, a foreign object, or rarely, a tumor.
Symptoms:
The symptoms of appendicitis vary. It can be hard to diagnose appendicitis in young children, the elderly, and women of childbearing age.
Typically, the first symptom is pain around your belly button. (See: Abdominal pain) The pain may be vague at first, but becomes increasingly sharp and severe. You may have reduced appetite, nausea, vomiting, and a low-grade fever.
As the inflammation in the appendix increases, the pain tends to move into your right lower abdomen and focuses directly above the appendix at a place called McBurney's point.
If your appendix ruptures, the pain may lessen briefly and you may feel better. However, once the lining of your abdominal cavity becomes inflamed and infected (a condition called peritonitis), the pain gets worse and you become sicker.
Your abdominal pain may be worse when walking or coughing. You may prefer to lie still because sudden movement causes pain.
Later symptoms include:
- Chills
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Shaking
- Vomiting
Treatment:
If you have an uncomplicated case, a surgeon will usually remove your appendix soon after your doctor thinks you might have the condition. For information on this type of surgery see: appendectomy.
Because the tests used to diagnose appendicitis are not perfect, sometimes the operation will reveal that your appendix is normal. In that case, the surgeon will remove your appendix and explore the rest of your abdomen for other causes of your pain.
If a CT scan shows that you have an abscess from a ruptured appendix, you may be treated for infection and have your appendix removed after the infection and inflammation have gone away.
Monday, March 28, 2011
HAving fun pple!
Saturday, March 26, 2011
STAGES ENCOUNTERED BY A TEENEGER FROM CHILDHOOD TO MATURITY
STAGES ENCOUNTERED BY A TEENEGER FROM CHILDHOOD TO MATURITY
Christians deem in the bible scriptures written by man inspired by the Holy Spirit. It’s written in the bible that God made man and woman to give birth and fill the universe. Commencing the days of Adam to date many decades have gone by and children have been brought up through different environment, protocols, belives, technology and culture.
There are factors which make or differentiate children bone through different generation due to certain changes in technology, culture, standard of living, education etc. During the early days of man, children were highly respected and seen as a gift from the gods this is why a ceremony or fist was conducted when a child is born; with that reason barren women were seen as a disgrace and were rejected from the clan or community. Throughout the growth of the child, He/She was subjected to different duties and responsibility according to age, ability and conscience. Children were also taught the culture, ethics, be lives, with the elders according to sex.
Learn your facial expression!Who is scarellyyyy?
Friday, March 25, 2011
Thursday, March 24, 2011
Snoring - a Small Change Can Make a Big Difference
We all know how annoying snoring can be, both for the snorer and the partner. The effects and seriousness of snoring are becoming more apparent with snoring being linked to conditions like high blood pressure and coronary disease. The different types of snoring, range from a simple puff to a full on roar and there isn’t one school of thought on the reasons behind snoring. Snoring, I believe, is a signal that the body’s systems are out of balance. Finding which system is the difficult part. But correcting the balance may not take a huge change, take the example of Andy.
Andy was in his late 30s and had snored for several years. He’s not quite sure when it started but of late the snoring had being a more regular event. He probably still wouldn’t be aware of it, except it drove his wife crazy. Andy had always being active, not a football star but he liked to throw a ball around. If you asked a passerby, they wouldn’t describe Andy as overweight but Andy freely admits putting on a pound a year over the past 10 years and plans to start shedding some of it sometime soon.
Every year Andy and the family, his wife and two sons go camping. They always go to the same camping ground every year and always get the same site, or there about, near the water and away from the highway. Andy doesn’t believe a holiday should be hard work and the family doesn’t lack for comfort with inflatable mattresses, electric cooler, color TV (just for the news) and a large three room tent. Now last year the shower block at Andy’s end of the camp ground was under going a major renovation for the two weeks of Andy’s holiday. It wasn’t a major problem; it just meant that Andy had his nightly shower at the other shower block. But because Andy and his wife preferred that the boys didn’t have to walk in the dark they showered a couple hours earlier than normal.
After a couple of days after arriving Andy’s wife Karen noted that Andy wasn’t snoring nearly as badly as he normally did. On past holidays even the boys would mention how annoying dad’s snoring was. They too had noticed a more quiet night. Andy was pleased as he too had noticed that he awoke more refreshed in the morning and his mouth didn’t feel like someone had left sandpaper in it. He didn’t know what change he had made that brought this unexpected and pleasant result, but he suspected it had to do with his nightly routine, as this was the only thing that had changed.
Over the next two weeks Andy experimented with his routine and finally came to the conclusion that if he brushed his teeth several hours before going to bed rather than just before retiring he didn’t snore so much, if at all, and he woke in the morning without his mouth feeling all dry.
That simple change has made a big difference to Andy and Karen. Andy deduced that when he brushed his teeth just before retiring, the toothpaste was making him a little dehydrated. It was enough to dry out the nasal passages and cause him to breathe through his mouth making the snoring noise. By brushing earlier he didn’t suffer the same dehydration and was able to breathe through his nose the whole night through. Now Andy also realized that toothpaste alone shouldn’t be able to have such a major effect. It was that his body was very near the balance point and the toothpaste was the final small push over the edge. Andy decided he was too close to that fine balance point and began to look at his whole diet. He has made some small adjustments to his diet. He has lost a little weight, but that’s a bonus and he only now snores if he over indulges and that’s usually when he catches up with college buddies twice a year.
The chance of eliminating your snoring by changing when you brush your teeth is probably less than one in a thousand. Andy’s problem probably is your problem. The key is to find the system that is out of balance and work to set it right. You never know, you may only need the smallest of change. Is it worth the effort? You decide.
Andy was in his late 30s and had snored for several years. He’s not quite sure when it started but of late the snoring had being a more regular event. He probably still wouldn’t be aware of it, except it drove his wife crazy. Andy had always being active, not a football star but he liked to throw a ball around. If you asked a passerby, they wouldn’t describe Andy as overweight but Andy freely admits putting on a pound a year over the past 10 years and plans to start shedding some of it sometime soon.
Every year Andy and the family, his wife and two sons go camping. They always go to the same camping ground every year and always get the same site, or there about, near the water and away from the highway. Andy doesn’t believe a holiday should be hard work and the family doesn’t lack for comfort with inflatable mattresses, electric cooler, color TV (just for the news) and a large three room tent. Now last year the shower block at Andy’s end of the camp ground was under going a major renovation for the two weeks of Andy’s holiday. It wasn’t a major problem; it just meant that Andy had his nightly shower at the other shower block. But because Andy and his wife preferred that the boys didn’t have to walk in the dark they showered a couple hours earlier than normal.
After a couple of days after arriving Andy’s wife Karen noted that Andy wasn’t snoring nearly as badly as he normally did. On past holidays even the boys would mention how annoying dad’s snoring was. They too had noticed a more quiet night. Andy was pleased as he too had noticed that he awoke more refreshed in the morning and his mouth didn’t feel like someone had left sandpaper in it. He didn’t know what change he had made that brought this unexpected and pleasant result, but he suspected it had to do with his nightly routine, as this was the only thing that had changed.
Over the next two weeks Andy experimented with his routine and finally came to the conclusion that if he brushed his teeth several hours before going to bed rather than just before retiring he didn’t snore so much, if at all, and he woke in the morning without his mouth feeling all dry.
That simple change has made a big difference to Andy and Karen. Andy deduced that when he brushed his teeth just before retiring, the toothpaste was making him a little dehydrated. It was enough to dry out the nasal passages and cause him to breathe through his mouth making the snoring noise. By brushing earlier he didn’t suffer the same dehydration and was able to breathe through his nose the whole night through. Now Andy also realized that toothpaste alone shouldn’t be able to have such a major effect. It was that his body was very near the balance point and the toothpaste was the final small push over the edge. Andy decided he was too close to that fine balance point and began to look at his whole diet. He has made some small adjustments to his diet. He has lost a little weight, but that’s a bonus and he only now snores if he over indulges and that’s usually when he catches up with college buddies twice a year.
The chance of eliminating your snoring by changing when you brush your teeth is probably less than one in a thousand. Andy’s problem probably is your problem. The key is to find the system that is out of balance and work to set it right. You never know, you may only need the smallest of change. Is it worth the effort? You decide.
Words u hard speak!
To shun; to avoid (as something wrong )
In high school and college the Vassar women had enjoyed that lifestyle, but afterward they had eschewed it as shallow
Field Work!
There comes a time when you have to stand up and shout:
This is me damn it! I look the way I look, think the way I think, feel the way I feel, love the way I love! I am a whole complex package. Take me... or leave me. Accept me - or walk away! Do not try to make me feel like less of a person, just because I don't fit your idea of who ...I should be and don't try to change me to fit your mold. If I need to change, I alone will make that decision.
When you are strong enough to love yourself 100%, good and bad - you will be amazed at the opportunities that life presents you.”
Mambo ya field!
Kasamwa,small town along the road to Geita.The town has about five subdivision with an estimate of about five hundred thousand people.The haedquators being Kasamwa town.
The town has a fast growing population with a birth rate of about 10 new birth per week inspite of the poor insufisient maternal equipment and care in the division.
The town has a fast growing population with a birth rate of about 10 new birth per week inspite of the poor insufisient maternal equipment and care in the division.
Got to learn
Much learning does not teach understanding but my type of lesson aint concern teach but understanding achieved ba yo capacity of thinking.
U got to learn much more of current affairs that hummer the globe, cerebrities, culture and our tradition, poping issues that hit pple's mind, poetry and much more.
U got to learn much more of current affairs that hummer the globe, cerebrities, culture and our tradition, poping issues that hit pple's mind, poetry and much more.
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